We found 98 addresses and 98 properties on Topaz Drive in Scottsdale, AZ. The average price for real estate on Topaz Drive is $54,836. The average property tax on Topaz Drive is $4,018/yr and the average house or building was built in 1985. The average household income in the Topaz Drive area is $107,904. Select an address below to search who owns that property on Topaz Drive and uncover many additional details. We found 98 addresses and 98 properties on Topaz Drive in Scottsdale, AZ. The average price for real estate on Topaz Drive is $54,836. The average property tax on Topaz Drive is $4,018/yr and the average house or building was built in 1985. The average household income in the Topaz Drive area is $107,904. Select an address below to search who owns that property on Topaz Drive and uncover many additional details. See More...
Search through the addresses below and select an address to view additional details about the property.
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.6 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$475,300 est.
$3,435/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.47 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$472,600 est.
$3,434/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.42 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$453,600 est.
$2,723/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.36 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$459,300 est.
$3,333/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.39 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$418,700 est.
$3,024/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Looking for possible owners and residents of 10668 E Topaz Dr, Scottsdale, AZ 85258? Potential residents may include: See report to view possible residents and title holders. These people may be found on publicly available documentation associated with the address, including mortgages, property deeds, or tax records.
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.38 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$423,200 est.
$3,059/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.27 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$404,000 est.
$2,912/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.34 acre
3 baths
Built in 1985
$417,500 est.
$3,013/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$376,200 est.
$2,676/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.32 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$412,500 est.
$3,488/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.36 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$400,200 est.
$2,790/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.35 acre
3 baths
Built in 1987
$371,700 est.
$2,584/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1990
$829,800 est.
$6,346/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.18 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1988
$790,700 est.
$5,442/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3.5 baths
Built in 1988
$793,100 est.
$5,684/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.35 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$490,700 est.
$3,905/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$675,000 est.
$5,060/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1989
$633,200 est.
$4,666/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.31 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$682,800 est.
$5,105/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3 baths
Built in 1989
$501,200 est.
$3,854/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.19 acre
3 baths
Built in 1989
$689,100 est.
$5,671/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3 baths
Built in 1989
$497,100 est.
$3,815/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.19 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$675,800 est.
$5,671/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1989
$824,500 est.
$5,712/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.18 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1988
$818,800 est.
$5,684/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1988
$839,800 est.
$6,380/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$675,000 est.
$5,060/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
Built in 1988
$503,600 est.
$3,482/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3 baths
Built in 1988
$684,600 est.
$5,043/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3 baths
Built in 1988
$499,100 est.
$3,848/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.15 acre
3 baths
Built in 1989
$691,000 est.
$5,693/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1987
$813,500 est.
$6,250/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.19 acre
Built in 1988
$936,100 est.
$6,657/yr taxes
2 stories
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1989
$658,200 est.
$5,435/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.18 acre
3 baths
Built in 1987
$538,600 est.
$4,203/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1986
$798,600 est.
$6,132/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$662,200 est.
$5,480/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
FEATURES
0.16 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.12 acre
3 baths
Built in 1988
$449,500 est.
$2,771/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3 baths
Built in 1987
$666,600 est.
$4,908/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.12 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$509,600 est.
$3,347/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1987
$832,800 est.
$5,718/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.13 acre
3 baths
Built in 1987
$515,700 est.
$3,865/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$667,100 est.
$4,981/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.13 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1987
$614,100 est.
$4,326/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1986
$765,100 est.
$6,760/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.13 acre
3 baths
Built in 1987
$509,200 est.
$3,865/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
3 baths
Built in 1986
$668,200 est.
$4,936/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.14 acre
Built in 1987
$614,100 est.
$4,326/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1986
$798,600 est.
$5,532/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.14 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1986
$506,200 est.
$3,328/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.16 acre
3.75 baths
Built in 1986
$703,100 est.
$5,060/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.14 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1987
$514,800 est.
$3,390/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
5 baths
Built in 1986
$895,700 est.
$6,179/yr taxes
2 stories
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.13 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1986
$616,300 est.
$3,760/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
3.75 baths
Built in 1986
$722,800 est.
$5,277/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.12 acre
3 baths
Built in 1985
$502,300 est.
$3,826/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
3 baths
Built in 1985
$657,700 est.
$4,317/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.12 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1985
$617,000 est.
$3,726/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1985
$800,100 est.
$4,958/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.12 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1985
$502,700 est.
$3,309/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
4.5 baths
Built in 1986
$811,100 est.
$4,964/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.11 acre
Built in 1985
$605,800 est.
$3,681/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.17 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1986
$662,600 est.
$5,007/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.18 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1986
$662,600 est.
$5,007/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.28 acre
3.75 baths
Built in 1982
$374,800 est.
$2,806/yr taxes
2 stories
9 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$401,600 est.
$3,014/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$379,700 est.
$2,850/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1985
$369,800 est.
$2,757/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.22 acre
3 baths
Built in 1984
$431,300 est.
$3,610/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
FEATURES
0.21 acre
3 baths
Built in 1983
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.25 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$380,200 est.
$3,352/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.22 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1984
$398,300 est.
$2,842/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.25 acre
3.75 baths
Built in 1982
$436,700 est.
$3,223/yr taxes
2 stories
10 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.28 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$384,300 est.
$2,891/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.26 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$408,600 est.
$3,074/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.27 acre
3 baths
Built in 1984
$406,800 est.
$3,539/yr taxes
2 stories
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.26 acre
3 baths
Built in 1984
$393,200 est.
$2,934/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.33 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$432,000 est.
$3,250/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.24 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$404,300 est.
$3,038/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.25 acre
Built in 1984
$395,700 est.
$2,926/yr taxes
2 stories
9 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$354,300 est.
$2,658/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
Built in 1982
$378,200 est.
$3,334/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.24 acre
3 baths
Built in 1984
$441,200 est.
$3,319/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.23 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1984
$316,200 est.
$2,349/yr taxes
1 story
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.24 acre
3 baths
Built in 1984
$408,800 est.
$3,065/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.26 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$406,600 est.
$3,059/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.35 acre
3.75 baths
Built in 1982
$403,600 est.
$3,031/yr taxes
2 stories
9 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.28 acre
3 baths
Built in 1983
$389,500 est.
$2,930/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.3 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$462,700 est.
$3,420/yr taxes
2 stories
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.28 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$418,200 est.
$3,146/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.27 acre
3.75 baths
Built in 1982
$393,800 est.
$2,933/yr taxes
2 stories
9 rooms total
Who lives at
FEATURES
0.26 acre
2.75 baths
Built in 1984
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.25 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$382,100 est.
$3,369/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.24 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$407,200 est.
$2,952/yr taxes
2 stories
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.27 acre
3 baths
Built in 1982
$412,300 est.
$3,101/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.43 acre
Built in 1982
$504,700 est.
$2,885/yr taxes
2 stories
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0.39 acre
3.75 baths
Built in 1984
$423,000 est.
$3,167/yr taxes
2 stories
9 rooms total
Overview
Click on a property below to see photos, lot size, property type and additional details.
Average sq ft
9.8K sq ft
Average Value
$54,836
Largest Lot
0.6 acre
Click on a street below to learn about properties on that street. Search for owner's names, deed records, property tax, mortgage information and more.
| Street Name | Properties | Avg. Value | Avg. Lot Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Street Name | 114th Pl, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 78 | Avg. Value | $41,616 | Avg. Lot Size | 12.8K sq ft |
| Street Name | 124th Way, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 15 | Avg. Value | $54,571 | Avg. Lot Size | 11.6K sq ft |
| Street Name | 113th Way, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 154 | Avg. Value | $83,345 | Avg. Lot Size | 40K sq ft |
| Street Name | 112th Way, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 46 | Avg. Value | $69,883 | Avg. Lot Size | 42.5K sq ft |
| Street Name | 116th Way, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 27 | Avg. Value | $53,774 | Avg. Lot Size | 71.9K sq ft |
| Street Name | 127th Pl, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 5 | Avg. Value | $48,246 | Avg. Lot Size | 16.3K sq ft |
Browse nearby streets with the highest average property values. Click on a street to see additional details about properties on that street.
| Street Name | Properties | Avg. Value | Avg. Lot Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Street Name | Greenway Pkwy, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 23 | Avg. Value | $3,507,968 | Avg. Lot Size | 246.9K sq ft |
| Street Name | Union Hills Dr, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 7 | Avg. Value | $2,199,922 | Avg. Lot Size | 877.9K sq ft |
| Street Name | Mcdowell Mountain Ranch Rd, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 5 | Avg. Value | $1,584,347 | Avg. Lot Size | 3.2M sq ft |
| Street Name | Pacesetter Way, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 5 | Avg. Value | $727,883 | Avg. Lot Size | 165.5K sq ft |
| Street Name | Northsight Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 66 | Avg. Value | $688,766 | Avg. Lot Size | 92.8K sq ft |
| Street Name | Scottsdale Rd, Scottsdale, AZ | Properties | 759 | Avg. Value | $640,836 | Avg. Lot Size | 160.7K sq ft |
Are you looking for information on who may live on Topaz Dr in Scottsdale, AZ? Check out possible residents and property owners. These names may be connected to the address and found on documents like historical deeds, mortgage records, and county records. Do an owner search to help verify potential addresses connected to a person’s name.
HOSPITAL
Scottsdale Healthcare Shea Medical Center
9003 East Shea Boulevard
Scottsdale, AZ
3.3 miles away
COLLEGE
Arizona State University Skysong
1475 N Scottsdale Road - Ste 315
Scottsdale, AZ
14.7 miles away
AIRPORT
Goldfield Ranch (AZ25)
Fountain Hills, AZ
22.8 miles away
GROCERY STORE
Walgreens 01950
10135 E Via Linda
Scottsdale, AZ
1.3 miles away
CELL TOWER
T-Mobile West LLC
13400 N 108th Street (ph20183e)
Scottsdale, AZ
3 miles away
FIRE STATION
City Of Scottsdale Fire Department Station 6
10850 E. Via Linda
Scottsdale, AZ
0.8 miles away
The largest ethnic group in the Topaz Dr area is White at 89.7% followed by Hispanic at 4.8%. In terms of education, 35.8% have Bachelors Degree followed by 28.3% with Some College. 46.3% of the population in the area is Non-Family and the largest age group is Over 70 making up 23.7% of the population.
The ethnicity found on this street may be represented as 2.8% Asian, 1.3% Black, 4.8% Hispanic, 89.7% White and 1.5% Other.
The education levels found on this street may be represented as 23.6% Graduate Degree, 35.8% Bachelors Degree, 28.3% Some College, 10.4% High School, and 1.8% No Diploma.
The age distribution found on this street may be represented as 23.7% 70+, 16.7% 60-69, 15.7% 50-59, 12.5% 40-49, 8.7% 30-39, 8.9% 20-29, 7.6% 10-19, and 6.2% 0-9.
The household types found on this street may be represented as 10.5% Married with Kids, 36.4% Married without Kids, 2.9% Single with Kids, 3.8% Single without Kids, and 46.3% Non-Family.