The average building or house on Park Place Drive, Petaluma area was built in 1987. The average household income in this area is $94.1K and the average property tax is $3.2K/yr. The largest lot size available on Park Place Dr, Petaluma, CA is 1 acre and the estimated average price for real estate is $272.2K. Search through the addresses below and select an address to view property details, ownership information, sales, deeds, property tax, mortgage records, nearby amenities such as airports, colleges, hospitals, and much more.
Search through the addresses below and select an address to view additional details about the property.
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$1,860/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$4,094/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$4,228/yr taxes
1 story
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$4,228/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,497/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$4,324/yr taxes
2 stories
5 rooms total
Who lives at
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$3,313/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$3,806/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,101/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$4,228/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$4,309/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,542/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,519/yr taxes
1 story
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,829/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,341/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,310/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$3,715/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$5,031/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$1,942/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$2,184/yr taxes
2 stories
9 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,391/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
$1,760/yr taxes
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,859/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,103/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$4,309/yr taxes
1 story
2 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,762/yr taxes
1 story
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$1,973/yr taxes
2 stories
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,684/yr taxes
1 story
2 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,889/yr taxes
1 story
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,528/yr taxes
2 stories
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$3,249/yr taxes
1 story
3 rooms total
Who lives at
FEATURES
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1985
$2,371/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1985
$1,331/yr taxes
1 story
2 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1985
$1,362/yr taxes
1 story
2 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1985
$2,158/yr taxes
1 story
2 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,059/yr taxes
1 story
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$2,704/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$2,604/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$2,478/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$2,301/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$2,503/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$1,854/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,089/yr taxes
1 story
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$3,242/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$3,021/yr taxes
1 story
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$62/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$4,198/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$1,973/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$2,498/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$1,880/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$4,240/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,882/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,642/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1989
$4,702/yr taxes
1 story
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$3,516/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$1,854/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$3,680/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$3,062/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$1,754/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,003/yr taxes
1 story
3 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$3,609/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$4,240/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,448/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$3,557/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$2,770/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$3,605/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$2,332/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$3,367/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
840 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$3,297/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$1,626/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,142/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$4,913/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$2,879/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,676/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,294/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$3,021/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,686/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$2,923/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0.15 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$1,880/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$2,473/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.4K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1986
$4,006/yr taxes
2 stories
1-2 car garage
8 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,803/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1987
$2,739/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
5 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,149/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
872 sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$4,228/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$2,244/yr taxes
2 stories
6 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
$1,463/yr taxes
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
740 sq ft
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$2,162/yr taxes
1 story
1-2 car garage
2 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,713/yr taxes
2 stories
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
1 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1990
$3,309/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.3K sq ft
0 acre
3 beds / 2 baths
Built in 1987
$5,096/yr taxes
2 stories
7 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1986
$1,708/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Who lives at
POSSIBLE OWNERS & RESIDENTS
FEATURES
1.2K sq ft
0 acre
2 beds / 1 bath
Built in 1984
$2,114/yr taxes
1 story
4 rooms total
Overview
Click on a property below to see photos, lot size, property type and additional details.
Average sq ft
269.6 sq ft
Average Value
$272,224
Biggest House
1.5K sq ft
Largest Lot
1 acre
Select a nearby street to uncover property details for properties on that street. See owner's names, mortgage information, property tax, deed records, and many additional details.
| Street Name | Properties | Avg. Value | Avg. Lot Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Street Name | Balma Ln, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 19 | Avg. Value | $495,491 | Avg. Lot Size | 42.1K sq ft |
| Street Name | Alderwood Ct, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 10 | Avg. Value | $350,644 | Avg. Lot Size | 8.7K sq ft |
| Street Name | 11th St, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 10 | Avg. Value | $270,083 | Avg. Lot Size | 8.2K sq ft |
| Street Name | Birch Ct, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 5 | Avg. Value | $512,896 | Avg. Lot Size | 7.6K sq ft |
| Street Name | 4th St, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 50 | Avg. Value | $463,685 | Avg. Lot Size | 7K sq ft |
| Street Name | Banff Way, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 51 | Avg. Value | $386,913 | Avg. Lot Size | 6.2K sq ft |
Browse nearby streets with the highest average property values. Click on a street to see additional details about properties on that street.
| Street Name | Properties | Avg. Value | Avg. Lot Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Street Name | Lakeville Cir, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 8 | Avg. Value | $18,319,252 | Avg. Lot Size | 212K sq ft |
| Street Name | Kenilworth Dr, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 8 | Avg. Value | $10,723,402 | Avg. Lot Size | 191.3K sq ft |
| Street Name | Mcdowell Boulevard Ext, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 14 | Avg. Value | $8,536,008 | Avg. Lot Size | 211.9K sq ft |
| Street Name | Corporate Cir, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 5 | Avg. Value | $5,055,780 | Avg. Lot Size | 116.7K sq ft |
| Street Name | Pine View Way, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 4 | Avg. Value | $4,844,742 | Avg. Lot Size | 117K sq ft |
| Street Name | Auto Center Dr, Petaluma, CA | Properties | 10 | Avg. Value | $4,145,201 | Avg. Lot Size | 148K sq ft |
HOSPITAL
Petaluma Valley Hospital
400 N Mcdowell Blvd
Petaluma, CA
0.5 miles away
COLLEGE
Sonoma State University
1801 E Cotati Ave
Rohnert Park, CA
10 miles away
AIRPORT
Petaluma Municipal (O69)
Petaluma, CA
2.3 miles away
GROCERY STORE
Lola's Market 5
241 N Mcdowell Blvd
Petaluma, CA
0.7 miles away
CELL TOWER
New Cingular Wireless PCS, LLC
2241 Old Adobe Rd
Petaluma, CA
2.8 miles away
FIRE STATION
Petaluma Fire Department Station 3
831 S. Mcdowell Blvd
Petaluma, CA
2.3 miles away
POLITICAL VOTING
Leans Democratic
The largest ethnic group in the Park Place Dr area is White at 68.1% followed by Hispanic at 21.0%. In terms of education, 35.3% have Some College followed by 23.8% with Bachelors Degree. 30.5% of the population in the area is Married with No Kids and the largest age group is 50-59 making up 15.7% of the population.
The ethnicity found on this street may be represented as 6.1% Asian, 0.9% Black, 21.0% Hispanic, 68.1% White and 4.0% Other.
The education levels found on this street may be represented as 9.1% Graduate Degree, 23.8% Bachelors Degree, 35.3% Some College, 20.1% High School, and 11.8% No Diploma.
The age distribution found on this street may be represented as 10.4% 70+, 10.7% 60-69, 15.7% 50-59, 13.6% 40-49, 11.4% 30-39, 12.0% 20-29, 13.1% 10-19, and 13.2% 0-9.
The household types found on this street may be represented as 24.3% Married with Kids, 30.5% Married without Kids, 7.6% Single with Kids, 9.9% Single without Kids, and 27.7% Non-Family.